Protected areas
From Nepal Biodiversity Strategy [NBS 2002] (see also protected areas section under Conservation).
Year notified | Area (km²) | Altitude (m) | Climate | Region | Flowering plants | Endemic species | Comment | |
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National Parks (IUCN management catagory II) | ||||||||
Khaptad NP | 1988 | 225 | 1000-3276 | Subtropical to Temperate | Mid Hills to High Mountains | 567 | 4 | Oak, fir, conifers; high alt. medicinal herbs; musk deer, leopard, black bear; Shiva shrine, shallow lake |
Langtang NP | 1976 | 1710 | 792-7245 | Subtropical to Alpine | Mid Hills to High Mountains | 3689 | 15 | Oak, blue pine, hemlock, fir, birch, rhododendron; red panda, snow leopard, clouded leopard, wild dog |
Makalu Barun NP | 1991 | 1500 | 435-8463 | Subtropical to Alpine | Mid Hills to High Himalaya | 3073 | 7 | Sal, castanopsis, oak, rhododendron, orchids; snow leopard, red panda, musk deer |
Rara NP | 1976 | 106 | 1800-4048 | Temperate to Subalpine | High Mountains | 1070 | 16 | Lake Rara wetlands; blue pine, fir, birch; musk deer, impeyan pheasant, red panda, leopard |
Royal Bardia NP | 1976 & 1988 | 968 | 152-1494 | Tropical Monsoon to Subtropical | Terai & Siwalik Hills | 839 | 0 | Dense sal, pine, acacia, sissoo, grassland; tiger, gangetic dolpin, gharial, wild elephant, black buck |
Royal Chitwan NP | 1973 | 932 | 150-815 | Tropical Monsoon | Terai & Siwalik Hills | 919 | 0 | World Heritage Site (1984); sal, riverine grassland; rhinoceros, tiger, leopard, gharial |
Sagarmatha NP | 1976 | 1148 | 2800-8850 | Temperate to Alpine | High Mountains to High Himalaya | 1074 | 11 | World Heritage Site (1979); blue pine, fir, juniper scrub, alpines; goral serow, black bear |
Shey Phoksundo NP | 1984 | 3555 | 2000-6885 | Temperate to Alpine | High Mountains to Trans Himalaya | 1579 | 30 | Highest waterfall; Tibetan Plateau; oak, spruce, fir, birch; blue sheep, snow leopard, red panda |
Shivapuri NP | 2002 | 144 | 1366-2732 | Subtropical to Temperate | Mid Hills | 2122 | 16 | Kathmandu watershed; schima, castanopsis, oak; leopard, wild boar, langur, himalayan dragonfly |
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Wildlife Reserves (IUCN management catagory IV) | ||||||||
Koshi Tappu WR | 1976 | 175 | 90-150 | Tropical monsoon | Terai | 237 | 1 | Ramsar site (1987); acacia, sissoo, riverine forest, grassland; wild asiatic buffalo, ganetic dolphin, otter, crocodile |
Parsa WR | 1984 | 499 | 150-815 | Tropical monsoon | Terai & Siwalik Hills | 919 | 0 | Sal, acacia, pine, riverine forest; corridor for wild elephant, tiger, sambar deer, giant hornbill, cobra |
Royal Suklaphanta WR | 1976 | 305 | 90-270 | Tropical monsoon | Terai & Siwalik Hills | 700 | 0 | Sal, acacia, sisso, grassland; swamp deer, elephant, tiger, hispid hare, bengal florican |
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Hunting Reserve (IUCN management catagory IV) | ||||||||
Dhorpatan HR | 1987 | 1325 | 2850-7000 | Temperate to alpine | High Mountains & High Himalaya | 1150 | 36 | Fir, hemlock, spruce, birch, junipers, grassland; blue sheep, game hunting reserve |
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Conservation Areas (IUCN management catagory VI) | ||||||||
Annapurna CA | 1986 & 1992 | 7629 | 1000-8092 | Subtropical to Alpine | Mid Hills to High Himalaya | 3430 | 56 | Kaligandaki gorge, Tibetan plateau; alder, oak, birch, junipers; blue sheep, thar, musk deer, pheasants |
Kanchenjunga CA | 1997 | 2035 | 1200-8598 | Subtropical to Alpine | Mid Hills to High Himalaya | >3000 | 11-13 | Rhododendron, birch, blue pine, larch, magnolia, oak; snow leopard, red panda, blue sheep, musk deer |
Manasalu CA | 1998 | 1663 | 1360-8163 | Subtropical to Alpine | Mid Hills to High Himalaya | >2500 | ? | Oak, blue pine, larch, birch, snow leopard, musk deer, blue sheep, red panda, himalayan thar |